And also because it can travel up higher ascending grades (up to 10 percent), compared to conventional trains (up to 4 percent or less), maglev trains can also reduce the need to create new tunnels or to level the landscape to build its tracks. Maglev can be hard to economically justify for certain locations, however it has notable benefits over conventional railway systems, which includes lower operating and maintenance costs (with zero rolling friction its parts do not wear out quickly and hence less need to replace parts often), significantly lower odds of derailment (due to its design), an extremely quiet and smooth ride for passengers, little to no air pollution, and the railcars can be built wider and make it more comfortable and spacious for passengers. ![]() ĭespite over a century of research and development, there are only six operational maglev trains today - three in China, two in South Korea, and one in Japan. The launch in 2002 generated wide public interest and media attention in maglev for the first time. It covers a distance of 30.5 kilometres (19 mi) in just over 8 minutes. The line is the fastest operational high-speed maglev train, connecting Shanghai Pudong International Airport and the outskirts of central Pudong, Shanghai. The Shanghai maglev train, also known as the Shanghai Transrapid, has a top speed of 430 kilometres per hour (270 mph). Maglev systems have been much more expensive to construct than conventional train systems, although the simpler construction of maglev vehicles makes them cheaper to manufacture and maintain. Vactrain technology has been proposed as a means to overcome this limitation. Overcoming drag, which makes all open-air land transport more energy intensive at higher speeds, takes the most energy. The power needed for levitation is typically not a large percentage of the overall energy consumption of a high-speed maglev system. Maglev vehicles have set several speed records, and maglev trains can accelerate and decelerate much faster than conventional trains the only practical limitation is the safety and comfort of the passengers, although wind resistance at very high speeds can cause running costs that are four to five times that of conventional high-speed rail (such as the Tokaido Shinkansen). Maglev trains can therefore in some cases be quieter and smoother than conventional trains and have the potential for much higher speeds. ![]() This compares with electric multiple units that may have several dozen parts per bogie. While the propulsion and levitation require no moving parts, the bogies can move in relation to the main body of the vehicle and some technologies require support by retractable wheels at low speeds under 150 kilometres per hour (93 mph). With maglev technology, the train travels along a guideway of electromagnets which control the train's stability and speed. The Shanghai maglev train is the only maglev train in commercial operation that can be considered as high speed. There are both high-speed, intercity maglev systems (over 400 kilometres per hour or 250 miles per hour), and low-speed, urban maglev systems (80–200 kilometres per hour or 50–124 miles per hour) under development and being built. Such trains rise approximately 10 centimetres (4 in) off the track. Maglev (derived from magnetic levitation) is a system of train transportation that uses two sets of electromagnets: one set to repel and push the train up off the track, and another set to move the elevated train ahead, taking advantage of the lack of friction. Transrapid 09 at the Emsland test facility in Lower Saxony, Germany A full trip on the Shanghai Transrapid maglev train Example of low-speed urban maglev system, Linimo ( May 2023) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. The neutrality of this article is disputed.
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